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Python Development Engine
by Joker
Python project routing for Web API/crawler/automation/data/CLI. FastAPI/Django/Flask selection, async patterns, deployment strategies.
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You say
Building a REST API that scrapes 10K product pages daily, processes data, and serves results. Should I use FastAPI or Django? Async or Celery?
Your agent does
Tech Stack Decision: Scraping + API Service
Project Profile
- Type: Data pipeline + Web API
- Scale: 10K pages/day (~7/minute avg, 50/minute peak)
- Output: REST API serving processed results
Framework: FastAPI ✅
| Factor | FastAPI | Django | |--------|---------|--------| | Async support | Native | Requires ASGI + DRF | | Scraping integration | Direct asyncio | Needs Celery bridge | | Performance | 2-3x faster for I/O-heavy | Overhead for ORM | | Setup speed | 1 day | 2-3 days |
Concurrency: asyncio + Background Tasks ✅
- 10K pages/day doesn't need Celery complexity
- FastAPI BackgroundTasks for scheduled scraping
- asyncio + aiohttp for concurrent page fetching
- Only add Celery if you need: retries, monitoring, multi-worker queues
Architecture
FastAPI app
├── /api/* (endpoints)
├── BackgroundTasks (daily scrape scheduler)
├── Scraper module (asyncio + aiohttp)
├── Processing pipeline (Pandas/Polars)
└── SQLite → PostgreSQL (when concurrent users > 50)
Don't Over-Engineer
Start with: FastAPI + asyncio + SQLite. Add Celery/Redis/PostgreSQL only when you hit actual bottlenecks.
About this skill
Python开发决策引擎
专家级决策系统——不是教Python语法,而是在框架选型、并发模型、爬虫架构、部署策略这些关键岔路做对选择。
目录
1. 项目类型路由器
输入: 项目需求 → 输出: 框架+并发模型+部署方案+数据库选择
决策流程:
│
├─ 是Web API/微服务吗?
│ ├─ Yes → FastAPI + asyncio + Docker + PostgreSQL
│ └─ No
│
├─ 需要Admin后台/用户系统/认证吗?
│ ├─ Yes → Django 5.x + WSGI/ASGI + Docker + MySQL/PostgreSQL
│ └─ No
│
├─ 是爬虫项目吗?
│ ├─ 静态页面 + 大规模 → Scrapy + asyncio + Redis队列 + 代理池
│ ├─ 动态页面/JS渲染 → Playwright + asyncio + IP轮换
│ └─ 快速原型 → requests + BeautifulSoup
│
├─ 是数据处理/ETL吗?
│ ├─ <1GB数据 → Polars + Pandas
│ ├─ 1-10GB数据 → Polars + DuckDB
│ └─ >10GB数据 → DuckDB + 分区 + 流式处理
│
├─ 是自动化脚本吗?
│ └─ Typer/Click + subprocess + cron + 日志
│
├─ 是CLI工具吗?
│ ├─ 分发简单 → Typer + Rich + PyInstaller
│ └─ 性能敏感 → Typer + Rich + Nuitka编译
│
└─ 是AI/ML推理服务吗?
└─ FastAPI + ONNX Runtime + Docker GPU + 批处理
1.1 Web API完整决策矩阵
| 需求维度 | 轻量API | 中型API | 企业级API | 性能敏感型 | |----------|---------|---------|-----------|-----------| | 推荐框架 | FastAPI | FastAPI | FastAPI/Django | FastAPI + uvicorn | | ORM | SQLAlchemy | SQLAlchemy | SQLAlchemy/Django ORM | asyncpg + SQLAlchemy | | 缓存 | 内存Cache | Redis | Redis + 分布式 | Redis Cluster | | 认证 | API Key | JWT | OAuth2 + SSO | JWT + Refresh Token | | 文档 | OpenAPI自动 | OpenAPI自动 | OpenAPI + Swagger | OpenAPI + ReDoc | | 测试 | pytest + httpx | pytest + coverage | pytest + CI | pytest + loadtest | | 部署 | Docker单实例 | Docker + Load Balancer | K8s + HPA | K8s + HPA + 监控 | | 数据库 | SQLite/PostgreSQL | PostgreSQL | PostgreSQL + 读写分离 | PostgreSQL + 连接池 | | 日日夜夜 | 日志 | 结构化日志 | 结构化日志 + ELK | 结构化日志 + 链路追踪 |
1.2 爬虫项目决策矩阵
| 维度 | 快速原型 | 中等规模 | 大规模分布式 | 企业级 | |------|---------|---------|-------------|--------| | 爬取量/天 | <1000 | 1000-10万 | 10万-1000万 | >1000万 | | 页面类型 | 静态 | 静态+简单JS | 混合 | 混合+反爬 | | 技术栈 | requests+BS4 | Scrapy | Scrapy+Redis | Playwright集群 | | 存储 | CSV/JSON | PostgreSQL | PostgreSQL+MongoDB | 数据湖 | | 代理需求 | 无 | 少量代理 | 代理池 | 代理池+轮换策略 | | 失败重试 | 简单重试 | 指数退避 | 队列重试 | 智能重试 | | 调度 | 单机 | 单机+多线程 | Redis队列 | 分布式调度 | | 监控 | 手动 | 日志 | Prometheus | Grafana看板 |
1.3 数据处理项目决策矩阵
| 数据规模 | <100MB | 100MB-1GB | 1GB-10GB | >10GB | |----------|--------|-----------|---------|-------| | 推荐工具 | Pandas | Polars | Polars + DuckDB | DuckDB | | 处理模式 | 全量加载 | 全量/分块 | 分块/流式 | 流式/分区 | | 并行处理 | 单线程 | 单/多线程 | 多进程 | 多进程+分布式 | | 内存需求 | <2GB | 2-8GB | 8-32GB | 可溢出磁盘 | | SQL支持 | 无 | 有限 | 良好 | 完整SQL | | 生态集成 | 丰富 | 成长中 | 良好 | 良好 | | 学习曲线 | 低 | 中 | 中 | 中高 |
1.4 CLI工具决策矩阵
| 场景 | 简单脚本 | 内部工具 | 分发工具 | 企业级CLI | |------|---------|---------|---------|-----------| | 用户 | 开发者自己 | 团队成员 | 外部用户 | 客户/运维 | | 框架 | argparse | Typer/Click | Typer + Rich | Typer + Rich + 测试 | | 输出美化 | print | Rich | Rich | Rich + 进度条 | | 打包 | 直接运行 | PyInstaller | PyInstaller/nuitka | pip install / conda | | 自动补全 | 无 | bash/zsh | fish/zsh | 全平台 | | 文档 | README | README + --help | Sphinx/MkDocs | 完整文档站 | | 版本管理 | 无 | 简单 | semver | click-replace | | 错误处理 | sys.exit | Rich traceback | Rich traceback | 国际化错误 |
1.5 技术栈推荐速查表
# Web API 技术栈推荐
WEB_API_STACK = {
"fast": {
"framework": "FastAPI",
"orm": "SQLAlchemy[asyncio] + asyncpg",
"cache": "Redis",
"auth": "python-jose + passlib",
"docs": "OpenAPI (auto)",
"test": "pytest + httpx + pytest-asyncio",
"deploy": "uvicorn (ASGI)"
},
"full": {
"framework": "Django 5.x + Django REST Framework",
"orm": "Django ORM",
"cache": "Redis + django-redis",
"auth": "django-allauth / JWT",
"docs": "drf-spectacular (OpenAPI)",
"test": "pytest-django",
"deploy": "gunicorn (WSGI)"
},
"light": {
"framework": "Flask",
"orm": "SQLAlchemy",
"cache": "Flask-Caching",
"auth": "Flask-JWT-Extended",
"docs": "flask-restx",
"test": "pytest + Flask-Testing",
"deploy": "gunicorn"
}
}
# 爬虫技术栈推荐
CRAWLER_STACK = {
"simple": {
"framework": "requests + BeautifulSoup",
"parser": "lxml",
"storage": "CSV/JSON",
"concurrent": "concurrent.futures"
},
"medium": {
"framework": "Scrapy",
"parser": "parsel (内置)",
"storage": "PostgreSQL/MongoDB",
"concurrent": "asyncio + scrapy-asyncio"
},
"complex": {
"framework": "Playwright + Scrapy",
"parser": "parsel + JS执行",
"storage": "PostgreSQL + S3",
"concurrent": "asyncio + 进程池",
"proxy": "代理池 + 轮换",
"anti_detection": "stealth插件"
}
}
# 数据处理技术栈推荐
DATA_STACK = {
"small": {
"main": "pandas",
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