Python Development Engine

Python开发决策引擎

专家级决策系统——不是教Python语法，而是在框架选型、并发模型、爬虫架构、部署策略这些关键岔路做对选择。

目录

1. 项目类型路由器
2. 框架决策树
3. 异步方案决策
4. 爬虫架构决策
5. 数据工具链
6. CLI工具开发
7. 部署决策
8. 2026年趋势
9. 质量门控三级清单
10. 10个常见错误模式
11. 执行流程

1. 项目类型路由器

输入: 项目需求 → 输出: 框架+并发模型+部署方案+数据库选择

决策流程:
  │
  ├─ 是Web API/微服务吗?
  │   ├─ Yes → FastAPI + asyncio + Docker + PostgreSQL
  │   └─ No
  │
  ├─ 需要Admin后台/用户系统/认证吗?
  │   ├─ Yes → Django 5.x + WSGI/ASGI + Docker + MySQL/PostgreSQL
  │   └─ No
  │
  ├─ 是爬虫项目吗?
  │   ├─ 静态页面 + 大规模 → Scrapy + asyncio + Redis队列 + 代理池
  │   ├─ 动态页面/JS渲染 → Playwright + asyncio + IP轮换
  │   └─ 快速原型 → requests + BeautifulSoup
  │
  ├─ 是数据处理/ETL吗?
  │   ├─ <1GB数据 → Polars + Pandas
  │   ├─ 1-10GB数据 → Polars + DuckDB
  │   └─ >10GB数据 → DuckDB + 分区 + 流式处理
  │
  ├─ 是自动化脚本吗?
  │   └─ Typer/Click + subprocess + cron + 日志
  │
  ├─ 是CLI工具吗?
  │   ├─ 分发简单 → Typer + Rich + PyInstaller
  │   └─ 性能敏感 → Typer + Rich + Nuitka编译
  │
  └─ 是AI/ML推理服务吗?
      └─ FastAPI + ONNX Runtime + Docker GPU + 批处理

1.1 Web API完整决策矩阵

1.2 爬虫项目决策矩阵

1.3 数据处理项目决策矩阵

1.4 CLI工具决策矩阵

1.5 技术栈推荐速查表

# Web API 技术栈推荐
WEB_API_STACK = {
    "fast": {
        "framework": "FastAPI",
        "orm": "SQLAlchemy[asyncio] + asyncpg",
        "cache": "Redis",
        "auth": "python-jose + passlib",
        "docs": "OpenAPI (auto)",
        "test": "pytest + httpx + pytest-asyncio",
        "deploy": "uvicorn (ASGI)"
    },
    "full": {
        "framework": "Django 5.x + Django REST Framework",
        "orm": "Django ORM",
        "cache": "Redis + django-redis",
        "auth": "django-allauth / JWT",
        "docs": "drf-spectacular (OpenAPI)",
        "test": "pytest-django",
        "deploy": "gunicorn (WSGI)"
    },
    "light": {
        "framework": "Flask",
        "orm": "SQLAlchemy",
        "cache": "Flask-Caching",
        "auth": "Flask-JWT-Extended",
        "docs": "flask-restx",
        "test": "pytest + Flask-Testing",
        "deploy": "gunicorn"
    }
}

# 爬虫技术栈推荐
CRAWLER_STACK = {
    "simple": {
        "framework": "requests + BeautifulSoup",
        "parser": "lxml",
        "storage": "CSV/JSON",
        "concurrent": "concurrent.futures"
    },
    "medium": {
        "framework": "Scrapy",
        "parser": "parsel (内置)",
        "storage": "PostgreSQL/MongoDB",
        "concurrent": "asyncio + scrapy-asyncio"
    },
    "complex": {
        "framework": "Playwright + Scrapy",
        "parser": "parsel + JS执行",
        "storage": "PostgreSQL + S3",
        "concurrent": "asyncio + 进程池",
        "proxy": "代理池 + 轮换",
        "anti_detection": "stealth插件"
    }
}

# 数据处理技术栈推荐
DATA_STACK = {
    "small": {
        "main": "pandas",